終身學(xué)習(xí)是對(duì)自己最好的投資。在這個(gè)飛速迭代的時(shí)代，醫(yī)學(xué)發(fā)生著日新月異的變化，新方法、新理念層出不窮，只有學(xué)習(xí)，永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)晚。廣州中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院脊柱專(zhuān)科主任醫(yī)師、廣州中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院白云醫(yī)院骨傷科負(fù)責(zé)人姚珍松教授自醫(yī)學(xué)院畢業(yè)后參加工作，到現(xiàn)在一直堅(jiān)守著“生命不息，學(xué)習(xí)不止”的治學(xué)初心。仁醫(yī)醫(yī)療特別邀請(qǐng)到姚珍松教授做專(zhuān)題訪問(wèn)，他與我們分享了他的從醫(yī)經(jīng)歷、到世界各地不同醫(yī)院進(jìn)修學(xué)習(xí)的重要性、在德國(guó)慕尼黑哈拉興骨科醫(yī)院訪學(xué)的收獲以及對(duì)年輕醫(yī)生的建議等。

姚珍松教授到德國(guó)慕尼黑哈拉興骨科醫(yī)院訪學(xué)

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# 姚珍松教授訪談錄 #

1、您是何時(shí)決定從醫(yī)的呢？為什么選擇脊柱外科？

When did you determine to be a doctor? And why did you choose Spine Surgery?

我高考的時(shí)候就報(bào)考了醫(yī)學(xué)院校，就讀貴州中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)，本科學(xué)的是中醫(yī)骨傷系。大學(xué)畢業(yè)之后，我留在我們中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)第二附屬醫(yī)院工作。但本科的教育程度只是摸到醫(yī)學(xué)的門(mén)檻。當(dāng)了醫(yī)生之后，我發(fā)現(xiàn)骨科的知識(shí)浩如煙海，需要不斷學(xué)習(xí)。在學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)脊柱外科這個(gè)亞專(zhuān)科有很多挑戰(zhàn)、很多機(jī)遇，我希望了解和學(xué)習(xí)更多知識(shí)。從研究生畢業(yè)之后，大概在2000年左右，我就決定從事脊柱外科這個(gè)行業(yè)。

I applied for medical school after College Entrance Examination, and I finally studied in Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. I majored in Orthopedics and Traumatology of Traditional Chinese Mmedicine(TCM) during my undergraduate education study. After graduation, I worked in the Second Hospital Affiliated with the Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. However, the undergraduate education just like the introduction to medicine. As I became a doctor, I realized that there were so much to learn about Orthopedics. While I kept learning, I found that Spine Surgery, the sub-specialty, has a lot of challenges, opportunities and things I want to know as well. In around 2000, after post-graduate graduation, I was determined to work in Spine Surgery.

2、您的早年經(jīng)歷如何塑造你的成就？

How did your early experiences shape your achievements?

我只是一個(gè)普通的專(zhuān)科醫(yī)生，說(shuō)成就永遠(yuǎn)是說(shuō)不上的。每個(gè)人的成長(zhǎng)都是有一個(gè)過(guò)程的。我覺(jué)得自己還是挺幸運(yùn)的，在我的人生成長(zhǎng)歷程和職業(yè)生涯磨煉的過(guò)程中，得到我的老師、同道的大力支持，總的來(lái)說(shuō)我的職業(yè)之路還算是挺順利的。

如果要說(shuō)我的成長(zhǎng)歷程，我想可能還是歸功于我的初心。就像我剛剛說(shuō)到，高考的時(shí)候我就想學(xué)醫(yī)，我在本科的時(shí)候就報(bào)考了骨傷系這個(gè)專(zhuān)業(yè)。所以從醫(yī)學(xué)角度來(lái)看，一旦報(bào)考了醫(yī)學(xué)院校就基本確定了自己的人生規(guī)劃，就跟醫(yī)學(xué)這個(gè)方向打交道。在我一跨入醫(yī)學(xué)院大門(mén)，我就下定決心成為一名好醫(yī)生，實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的人生目標(biāo)，更好地為患者解決問(wèn)題。

我在上大學(xué)的時(shí)候，在學(xué)習(xí)上沒(méi)有虛度光陰，大學(xué)5年本科教育中每年都拿了第一名，也拿了一等獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。大學(xué)畢業(yè)的時(shí)候，我還獲得了我們貴州省的省級(jí)優(yōu)秀大學(xué)畢業(yè)生獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，畢業(yè)之后我被擇優(yōu)錄取，留在我們貴州中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)第二附屬醫(yī)院的骨科工作。

工作三年之后，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備和我獲得的其他教育的知識(shí)積累，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不足以支撐我成為一個(gè)好醫(yī)生。所以我覺(jué)得進(jìn)一步的學(xué)習(xí)是必須的。后面我通過(guò)考研進(jìn)入廣州中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)，進(jìn)入骨傷專(zhuān)業(yè)繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)。在中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的三年里，我把自己的時(shí)間充分利用起來(lái)。研究生三年，我的成績(jī)也是名列前茅。期間我曾獲得過(guò)優(yōu)秀研究生獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，獲得過(guò)鄧鐵濤獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金、南粵優(yōu)秀研究生和曾憲梓獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。研究生畢業(yè)之后，我又比較幸運(yùn)地被擇優(yōu)錄取，留在我們廣州中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院骨科工作。理論上的積累對(duì)我從醫(yī)的職業(yè)打下初步的基礎(chǔ)。

另一方面，在我的職業(yè)教育過(guò)程中，我得到很多老師各個(gè)方面的專(zhuān)業(yè)支持，在骨科的各個(gè)方向：創(chuàng)傷、脊柱、關(guān)節(jié)，包括我們中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)的拳頭產(chǎn)品股骨頭壞死、髖關(guān)節(jié)方向都作了學(xué)習(xí)。

還有一個(gè)非常重要的經(jīng)歷，我上研究生和剛剛工作這幾年，在我們主任帶領(lǐng)下，也學(xué)習(xí)了不少顯微外科、手外科這方面的知識(shí)和技能。研究生畢業(yè)的時(shí)候我可以獨(dú)立完成斷指再植、皮瓣移植這樣的手術(shù)。

另外一個(gè)就是工作之后，單位、老師和同事給了我不少支持，讓我到不同的地方參加學(xué)習(xí)培訓(xùn)、繼續(xù)教育。所以說(shuō)從這幾個(gè)方面，大學(xué)的教育，年輕醫(yī)生時(shí)候的訓(xùn)練，以及工作之后的繼續(xù)教育、學(xué)習(xí)，與各位專(zhuān)家同道的學(xué)習(xí)一直沒(méi)有落下有關(guān)系。

Achievement is an overstatement for me as a normal specialist. In my opinion, the development of every person is a step-by-step process. Sometimes I regard myself as a very lucky person, because during my life and career, I have gained strong supports from my teachers and colleagues. All in all, my career is somewhat a smooth journey.

In my view, it may be my original aspiration leading my development. Just like what I have mentioned before, I was determined to study medicine after the College Entrance Examination, and I applied for Orthopedics and Traumatology in undergraduate education. So from the perspective of Medicine, once you apply for a medical school that you basically define your life and devote yourself to Medicine.

Since I have become a medical student, my goal is to be a good doctor and to better help patients. So I studied hard in university. I took the first place for 5 consecutive years during undergraduate study and won the first-class scholarship. I also won the Guizhou Provincial Excellent Graduate in my graduation year. Then I was accepted on merit to work in the Second Hospital Affiliated with the Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

After 3 years of work, I realized that my knowledge and what I had learned from university were not enough to support me to be a good doctor. Thus I think that further study is a must. Then I passed the post-graduate examination and got enrolled in Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine(GZUCM) to study Orthopedics and Traumatology. During the 3 years of post-graduate study, I made full use of my time. I was one of the Top Students for 3 consecutive years. Besides, I have won the Excellent Graduate Scholarship, Deng Tietao Scholarship, Zeng Xianzi Scholarship as well as the Outstanding Postgraduate of Guangdong Award. After graduation, I was very lucky to be invited to work in the Orthopedics Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine. The theoretical accumulation has underlain the preliminary foundation of my career.

In addition, during my clinical practice, I have received professional supports from many mentors in different specialties, such as Traumatology, Spine, Joint and two advantaged specialties of GZUCM- Femoral Head Necrosis and Hip Joint.

Also, there is another important experience for me. In the early years of my career, my director guided me to learn a lot of knowledge and techniques about Microsurgery and Hand Surgery, so I can perform surgeries like replantation of amputated finger and skin flap transplantation independently after postgraduate graduation.

And since I have begun my career, my teachers, colleges and the hospital I work in are very supportive to me, and they encouraged me to participate in training and continue studying in different places. All in all, the education I accepted in college, the training I participated in early career, the further study, learning I joined during my career, and the study from experts and colleagues all the time help me make my achievements.

3、您對(duì)打算從事脊柱外科工作的年輕醫(yī)生有什么好的建議？

What is your suggestion to young doctors who are new to Spine Surgery?

首先我非常恭喜和贊賞年輕醫(yī)生進(jìn)入骨科，尤其是進(jìn)入脊柱外科這個(gè)專(zhuān)業(yè)。從我個(gè)人來(lái)看，在骨科亞專(zhuān)業(yè)分化的方向之中，脊柱外科算是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)，學(xué)習(xí)曲線比較長(zhǎng)、學(xué)習(xí)周期比較長(zhǎng)，工作中遇到困難的機(jī)會(huì)也比較多。如果您有信心依從自己的內(nèi)心，接受脊柱外科這個(gè)方向，我從內(nèi)心表示佩服和贊賞。

從學(xué)習(xí)脊柱外科這個(gè)角度，沿著這個(gè)方向需要我們付出更多努力，付出更多心血，需要更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的理論學(xué)習(xí)，還有專(zhuān)業(yè)技術(shù)的培訓(xùn)。我想只要我們從幾個(gè)方面：第一，扎實(shí)理論學(xué)習(xí)；第二，全方位的技能培訓(xùn)；第三，保持開(kāi)放的學(xué)習(xí)心態(tài)，逐步成長(zhǎng)。我相信總有一天我們能夠達(dá)到自己內(nèi)心的彼岸。

First, I feel so happy that young doctors choose to work in Orthopedics, especially the specialty of Spine Surgery. In my point, among all the sub-specialties of Orthopedics, Spine Surgery is a challenging one because it has a long learning curve and learning cycle, and it has more difficulties in work. If you are confident and determined to work in Spine Surgery, I would appreciate and admire your determination from the bottom of my heart.

To study Spine Surgery, we must put more effort, study harder as well as spend more time in theoretical study and specialized techniques training. My suggestions are as below. Firstly, make a solid theoretical foundation; secondly, participate in all-rounded technique training; thirdly, maintain an open mindset and gradually grow. I believe that one day we will achieve the goals in our inner hearts.

4、您曾到過(guò)德國(guó)、美國(guó)、馬來(lái)西亞及國(guó)內(nèi)多個(gè)著名醫(yī)院訪學(xué)進(jìn)修，您認(rèn)為到不同醫(yī)院或者不同國(guó)家訪學(xué)的重要性？

Since you have made academic visits to Germany, America, Malaysia and some domestically renowned hospitals, what do you think about the importance of making academic visits to different hospitals or countries?

醫(yī)學(xué)是一個(gè)非常典型的活到老學(xué)到老的行業(yè)。我們一定要自始至終的保持學(xué)習(xí)，一直在學(xué)習(xí)的路上，才能讓我們的知識(shí)和技能達(dá)到滿(mǎn)足患者需要、幫助患者解決問(wèn)題的職業(yè)要求。因?yàn)獒t(yī)學(xué)是不斷發(fā)展、日新月異的，尤其是21世紀(jì)以后，醫(yī)學(xué)和現(xiàn)代科學(xué)進(jìn)入高速發(fā)展的快車(chē)道，發(fā)展速度越來(lái)越快，所以我們的知識(shí)要跟上時(shí)代的步伐，就必須要不斷學(xué)習(xí)。

在學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中，不同的團(tuán)隊(duì)各有所長(zhǎng)，而且不同的教授有不同的做事風(fēng)格和工作技巧，他們把握的前沿理念都是不一樣的。我們通過(guò)不同的學(xué)習(xí)，結(jié)合自己的知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備、單位的條件，可以借鑒其他教授專(zhuān)家的長(zhǎng)處來(lái)作為自己發(fā)展的方向。在學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中，如果只是自己閉門(mén)造車(chē)、自己看書(shū)是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的，所以我們必須要走出去，多看、多學(xué)、多聽(tīng)、多交流才能發(fā)現(xiàn)我們自己的不足在哪里，現(xiàn)在時(shí)代的前沿在哪里，最好的技術(shù)在哪里。

Medicine is a typically life-long career. We must keep learning all the time, only in this way, can we meet the occupational demands of satisfying patients’ needs and helping them resolve problems with our knowledge and skills. Due to the rapid development of medicine,  especially in the 21st century, the development of medicine and modern science has entered a fast lane of rapid development, and the speed of development is getting faster and faster. Therefore, we must keep learning in order to keep up with the pace of the times.

Different teams have their own strengths, and different professors have distinctive styles and working skills, and they grasp different cutting-edge ideas. Through learning from different teams and professors, we can draw on the strengthens of other professors and experts as a direction for our own development, in combination with our knowledge and the actual situations of our own hospitals. In the process of learning, it is not enough to divorce ourselves from reality and read books alone, so we must step out of the comfort zone and see more, learn more, listen more, communicate more to find out where our weaknesses are, where the front of times is and where the best technique is.

5、是什么機(jī)遇讓您來(lái)到德國(guó)慕尼黑哈拉興骨科醫(yī)院訪學(xué)？您認(rèn)為去德國(guó)訪學(xué)最大的收獲是什么？

What was the opportunity that brought you to make an academic visit to Sch?n Klinik München Harlaching in Germany? And what do you think was the biggest gain in this academic visit to Germany?

首先承蒙我們醫(yī)院幾年前開(kāi)始的一個(gè)高水平醫(yī)院建設(shè)項(xiàng)目，資助醫(yī)生到國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)，我有幸被選中了。被選中之后，我能夠去德國(guó)哈拉興骨科醫(yī)院，首先感謝仁醫(yī)醫(yī)療幫我牽線搭橋，聯(lián)系到了Mayer教授的醫(yī)院。我之前也閱讀過(guò)Mayer教授的文獻(xiàn)和著作，我知道他是公認(rèn)的OLIF手術(shù)的創(chuàng)始人，他們團(tuán)隊(duì)是全球聞名的，我一直希望到他那里去學(xué)習(xí)。

剛好那年有這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，仁醫(yī)醫(yī)療幫我聯(lián)系到哈拉興骨科醫(yī)院學(xué)習(xí)。我是2017年下半年去的，在那里訪學(xué)幾個(gè)月，我覺(jué)得這段歷程對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是非常開(kāi)心、非常重要的一段時(shí)光。在哈拉興骨科醫(yī)院學(xué)習(xí)的這幾個(gè)月，我感覺(jué)與我之前在國(guó)內(nèi)的學(xué)習(xí)，和其他短時(shí)間的國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)是不一樣的。我也更進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識(shí)到了微創(chuàng)、精準(zhǔn)化是脊柱外科以后發(fā)展的一個(gè)堅(jiān)定方向。在哈拉興骨科醫(yī)院，他們的很多技術(shù)理念從2017年的時(shí)候已經(jīng)很普遍，對(duì)我自己后面開(kāi)展的工作是一個(gè)非常重要的經(jīng)歷。

在慕尼黑哈拉興骨科醫(yī)院訪學(xué)留影

Our hospital started a high-level hospital construction project a few years ago, subsidizing some doctors to study abroad, and I was very lucky to be chosen. After that I studied in Sch?n Klinik München Harlaching in Germany. First I would like to thank Gloryren for helping me to contact Prof. Mayer’s hospital. I had read his papers and literature before, and I know that he is recognized as the founder of OLIF surgery. In addition, his team is renowned throughout the world, so I really want to study from him. There was an opportunity at that time, and Gloryren helped me to apply for an academic visit to Sch?n Klinik München Harlaching. I visited Germany in the second half of 2017, and I stayed there for several months and I feel that this journey was a very happy and important time for me. In those months at Sch?n Klinik München Harlaching, I felt that it was very different from previous studies at home and other short-time studies abroad. And I realized that minimal invasion and precision are the firm directions for developing Spine Surgery in the future. I found that a lot of technical theories have been prevalent in Sch?n Klinik München Harlaching since 2017, which is also a very crucial experience for me to implement the work later.

6、可以跟我們分享一下您在訪學(xué)期間最深刻的事情嗎？

Can you please share the most impressive experience during your academic visit with us?

在德國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)是一段非常愉快的經(jīng)歷。我覺(jué)得在哈拉興骨科醫(yī)院里面，我印象最深刻的是醫(yī)院的有序化和安靜。哈拉興骨科醫(yī)院作為國(guó)際足聯(lián)卓越醫(yī)療中心，它的門(mén)診患者、康復(fù)患者、住院患者都不少，但是醫(yī)院里面非常安靜，像花園式的單位。

姚教授鏡頭下的哈拉興骨科醫(yī)院

在德國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)期間，我看到他們這兒不管是病房、門(mén)診還是手術(shù)室，每個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)都非常安靜，但是井然有序、高效地進(jìn)行著。不知不覺(jué)之中，這個(gè)病看好了，這個(gè)檢查已經(jīng)完成了，這個(gè)手術(shù)也做好了，非常愉快的過(guò)程就結(jié)束了。

Studying in Germany is a very enjoyable experience. What impressed me most in Sch?n Klinik München Harlaching was that the hospital was in well order and quiet. As a treatment center for FIFA, it has many clinic patients, rehabilitation patients and hospitalized patients, but the hospital is very quiet, just like a garden.

7、到德國(guó)訪學(xué)要做什么準(zhǔn)備？

What preparations should we make for academic visit to Germany?

如果不是疫情影響的話(huà)，可能很多同事、同道或者學(xué)者們都有機(jī)會(huì)去國(guó)外訪學(xué)，現(xiàn)在疫情影響可能很多人出行計(jì)劃會(huì)擱置甚至取消。

如果有機(jī)會(huì)去德國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)，從我個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)看，主要是做三個(gè)方面的準(zhǔn)備。一個(gè)是簽證，在單位辦好手續(xù)，我當(dāng)時(shí)做的是公務(wù)簽，這個(gè)程序會(huì)久一點(diǎn)，后來(lái)拿了一個(gè)申根簽證，簽證基本上在手續(xù)齊備的情況下是沒(méi)問(wèn)題的。當(dāng)然現(xiàn)在疫情影響可能有點(diǎn)不一樣。

第二，就是很多同道都會(huì)擔(dān)心的語(yǔ)言問(wèn)題。德國(guó)的官方語(yǔ)言是德語(yǔ)。德語(yǔ)我也不懂，去之前我也很擔(dān)心，去到那兒我發(fā)現(xiàn)其實(shí)在德國(guó)的醫(yī)院，在很多公共場(chǎng)所，大多數(shù)人的英語(yǔ)都非常好，我們可以用英語(yǔ)跟他們進(jìn)行交流。只要我們自己的英語(yǔ)能夠過(guò)關(guān)，交流是完全沒(méi)有問(wèn)題的。 

姚教授與不同國(guó)家的訪學(xué)學(xué)員

第三，我們作為醫(yī)生出去訪學(xué)主要是學(xué)習(xí)，那么學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候需要做好基礎(chǔ)規(guī)劃。因?yàn)樵L學(xué)作為一個(gè)寶貴的經(jīng)歷，時(shí)間不可能太長(zhǎng)，每個(gè)人都有自己的事情。接受訪學(xué)的培訓(xùn)單位不可能接收學(xué)者太長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，所以一定要自己提前做好規(guī)劃，根據(jù)自己的專(zhuān)業(yè)方向、自己的興趣點(diǎn)、想進(jìn)修哪些內(nèi)容，提前和教授做好溝通，提前做好規(guī)劃。有意識(shí)地選擇跟自己的目標(biāo)、專(zhuān)長(zhǎng)一樣的醫(yī)院去學(xué)習(xí)。比如說(shuō)我曾經(jīng)待過(guò)的德國(guó)慕尼黑哈拉興骨科醫(yī)院，以脊柱外科為例，他們的微創(chuàng)就是非常好的領(lǐng)域。另外他們的運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷也很好，因?yàn)樗菄?guó)際足聯(lián)卓越醫(yī)療中心，對(duì)于運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷感興趣的同道也是一個(gè)非常不錯(cuò)的選擇。

There will be chances for colleagues or scholars to make academic visits abroad if there is no COVID-19 pandemic, however, many people have to delay or cancel their plan because of this epidemic.

If you have a chance to study in Germany, from my experience, it’s necessary to make preparations in 3 aspects mainly. The first one is visa, you should go to the embassy to complete the formalities. I applied for the official visa at that time, and its procedure took a long time, then I applied for the Schengen Visa. Basically, the application for visa is easy if you have complete formalities. But under the COVID-19 epidemic, the application may be different.

The second one is the language problem that concerns many colleagues. German is the native language of Germany, while I can’t speak German, so I was very worried about the language barrier before I went to Germany. When I got there, I found that actually in German hospitals and many public places, most people can speak very good English, and we can communicate with them in English. If you can speak English, you don’t need to concern about the communication problems.

Thirdly, the aim of academic visit for us as a doctor is studying, so we should make a plan about it. The academic visit is a valuable experience, since it is a short-time visit, and everyone has his own learning content. The training unit responsible for academic visit is unlikely to accept scholars for a long time, thus you should plan for your time in advance. You should communicate with the professor, and make the plan in advance according to your specialties, your interest, the contents you want to further study. And you should choose a hospital that has the same goal and expertise with you. For example, I have studied in Sch?n Klinik München Harlaching, whose MIS Spine Surgery is a renowned one. Besides, this hospital is very good at Sports Orthopedics because it is a treatment center for FIFA, therefore it is a good choice for colleagues interested in Sports Orthopedics.

8、作為一名碩士研究生導(dǎo)師，您覺(jué)得中德兩國(guó)老師的授課方式最明顯的差別是哪些？

As a postgraduate tutor, what are the most obvious differences in teaching methods between Chinese and German teachers?

這個(gè)問(wèn)題對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)遺憾，因?yàn)槲沂侨ピL學(xué)的，主要內(nèi)容是針對(duì)臨床，在手術(shù)觀摩這一塊，對(duì)教學(xué)尤其是課堂教學(xué)這一塊沒(méi)有接觸到。但是在線下其他場(chǎng)合和老師們討論，以及我們后面的學(xué)術(shù)交流的過(guò)程中和大家分享到，我們國(guó)內(nèi)的研究生教育，包括本科生的教育，我們絕大多數(shù)中國(guó)學(xué)生都是非常勤奮、努力地學(xué)習(xí)，同時(shí)大多數(shù)學(xué)生都是非常清晰的，這些學(xué)生們都是我們非常喜歡的。我們骨科的研究生，我們廣州中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)的學(xué)生們都非常優(yōu)秀，他們都是通過(guò)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的學(xué)習(xí)輪訓(xùn)選拔出來(lái)的。

但是我覺(jué)得和國(guó)外的研究生相比，國(guó)內(nèi)的學(xué)生相對(duì)而言偏向于保守，在教學(xué)過(guò)程中跟老師的互動(dòng)會(huì)少一些，參與討論、積極主動(dòng)提出問(wèn)題的時(shí)間和機(jī)會(huì)少一點(diǎn)?？赡芨覀儑?guó)內(nèi)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)重，溝通考核的內(nèi)容比較多也有關(guān)系?？赡芨覀儚男∈艿降慕逃杏X(jué)老師就是高高在上的，不敢隨便向老師提問(wèn)題也有關(guān)系。

從我自己研究生畢業(yè)，再加上我現(xiàn)在自己帶研究生，我是從內(nèi)心贊賞那些能夠主動(dòng)發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題、提出問(wèn)題，和老師一起分享的研究生。這說(shuō)明他們?cè)诜e極思考，發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己的問(wèn)題。而且從老師的角度，我也非常希望學(xué)生們把他們發(fā)現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題跟老師一起分享，一起討論解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的辦法。尤其是做科研，我們不要怕試錯(cuò)就畏縮不前。因?yàn)椴蝗ヌ剿鞑恢肋@個(gè)結(jié)果在哪里，不知道最后會(huì)得到什么樣的效果。

首先我們不要因?yàn)閾?dān)心犯錯(cuò)，而不去努力不去嘗試，我覺(jué)得我們可以把膽子稍微放大一點(diǎn)，稍微開(kāi)放一點(diǎn)，這樣子的話(huà)自己能夠?qū)W得更多，同時(shí)老師也能通過(guò)在教學(xué)過(guò)程中得到更多的啟發(fā)。

It is a pity for me to fail this question. Because I was on the academic visit that focused on clinical practice and surgical observation, I did not know much about the teaching, especially the classroom instruction. But I discussed with some teachers on other offline occasions, and we had shared the Chinese post-graduate education as well as the undergraduate education in academic exchanges later. Most of our Chinese students are very diligent and study hard, and they have clear goals. We really like these students. The postgraduates in the Department of Orthopedics in GZUCM are very excellent, they are selected from a long-time learning and rotational training.

But compared with foreign postgraduates, I think that Chinese postgraduates may be more conservative for they have fewer interactions with teachers in class, and they do not actively join the discussion and ask questions. Maybe it is because our students have heavy study tasks and too many examinations. It may also have something to do with the education we have received since childhood that the teacher is superior, so we do not dare to casually ask teacher questions.

From my own postgraduate studies, plus the fact that I am now leading postgraduates myself, I always lavish praise on those postgraduates who are able to take the initiative to identify problems, ask questions and share them with their teachers. It means that they are actively thinking and discovering their questions. And from a teacher's point of view, I also hope that students can share their questions with teachers, together to resolve them. Especially for our scientific research, we should not afraid of making mistakes and not dare to try. If we don’t explore the question, we don’t know about the result and the effect in the end.

First of all, we should boldly take a try instead of being afraid of making mistakes. I think we can be more courageous and open-minded, so we can learn more and teachers can be inspired more in teaching.

9、您對(duì)于想出國(guó)進(jìn)修的脊柱外科醫(yī)生有什么好的建議？

What are your suggestions for Spine Surgery doctors who want to further study abroad?

作為脊柱外科醫(yī)生，我非常贊賞和欣賞年輕醫(yī)生選擇脊柱外科這個(gè)方向。這個(gè)方向雖然累，雖然充滿(mǎn)挑戰(zhàn)，但是它會(huì)激發(fā)我們更多的想象力和我們努力的干勁，尤其是脊柱外科醫(yī)生需要不斷學(xué)習(xí)。那么一個(gè)很重要的方面就是出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)，包括訪學(xué)或者是出國(guó)念書(shū)、念博士。假設(shè)有這樣的想法，我個(gè)人是非常贊賞的。尤其是年輕的時(shí)候，抓住青春去學(xué)習(xí)更多的知識(shí)，做更豐富的知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備。如果說(shuō)你有這個(gè)想法，我的第一建議是一定要堅(jiān)持，一定要努力去實(shí)現(xiàn)。其實(shí)成長(zhǎng)的路是無(wú)限的，只要我們勇敢地跨出這一步，肯定是沒(méi)有問(wèn)題的。

另外一個(gè)在學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中，可能會(huì)遇到各種各樣的問(wèn)題。從我自己有限的學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷來(lái)看，總的來(lái)說(shuō)只要我們有充分的準(zhǔn)備，我們有一個(gè)良好的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度、作息時(shí)間，自己做好規(guī)劃，我們出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)都能夠收獲不少。不管從知識(shí)、人生經(jīng)歷、技能以及我們以后學(xué)術(shù)交流搭建人脈方面都是很有幫助的。

當(dāng)然對(duì)于出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)，尤其是已經(jīng)當(dāng)醫(yī)生的我們，由于工作的原因沒(méi)有時(shí)間去聯(lián)系老師。我想我們可以在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)，通過(guò)一些比較好的平臺(tái)，比如說(shuō)仁醫(yī)醫(yī)療幫我們聯(lián)系我們感興趣的專(zhuān)業(yè)、老師和學(xué)校，我想這個(gè)是一個(gè)很好的捷徑。我發(fā)自?xún)?nèi)心地希望想要去學(xué)習(xí)的年輕同道們，或者是還沒(méi)有工作的學(xué)者，希望你們一旦下定決心，就一直努力地走下去。

As a Spine surgeon, just like what I have mentioned before, I really appreciate and admire young doctors working in Spine Surgery. Though it is challenging and exhausting, it can inspire our imagination and drive us to work hard, particularly that a Spine surgeon should keep learning. And studying abroad including academic visits, undergraduate education and doctoral education abroad is very important for doctors. I personally appreciate it if you want to study abroad. Especially when you are young, you should study more at a young age and enrich your acknowledge. If you plan to study abroad, my first suggestion is that you must be persevered and try to realize your goal. In fact, there are endless routes of growth, if we boldly step out the first step, we can realize our goals.

In addition, in the process of learning, we may encounter all kinds of difficulties. From my limited learning experience, generally speaking, if we have complete preparations, a good attitude of studying, a regular schedule and a detailed plan, we can learn a lot from the academic visit. It helps us enrich our knowledge, life experience, learn more techniques and build up our networks for academic exchanges in the future.

However, for those of us who are to study abroad, especially those of us who are already doctors and do not have time to contact teachers due to our work, I think we can turn to some better platforms, such as Gloryren, to help us contact the tutors and institutions we are interested in, within the limited time we have. And I sincerely suggest young colleagues or scholars who haven’t participated in work yet that once you have made up your mind to do this, you should keep on working hard.

10、您對(duì)脊柱外科未來(lái)發(fā)展有什么看法？

What is your view on the future development of Spine Surgery?

從2000年至今，外科在國(guó)內(nèi)是一個(gè)高速發(fā)展的態(tài)勢(shì)，在國(guó)際上也是這樣。在接下來(lái)的一段時(shí)間，脊柱外科的微創(chuàng)化和精準(zhǔn)化應(yīng)該是一個(gè)大的方向。未來(lái)各種鏡下減壓、鏡下融合和鏡下矯正，可能是脊柱外科醫(yī)生需要關(guān)注、掌握的技能。       

隨著人工智能的普及，可能在不久的將來(lái)，我們?cè)谠\療過(guò)程中能借助一些類(lèi)似于人腦芯片、 AI技術(shù)這樣的高新技術(shù)手段，讓我們的手術(shù)操作、治療方案更個(gè)性化、更精準(zhǔn)化也更微創(chuàng)化。所以我覺(jué)得未來(lái)我們醫(yī)生面臨的技術(shù)手段會(huì)越來(lái)越多，尤其脊柱外科作為一個(gè)典型的技術(shù)依賴(lài)型、技術(shù)推動(dòng)型專(zhuān)科，我們需要新技術(shù)、新方法來(lái)支撐我們專(zhuān)業(yè)的發(fā)展和開(kāi)展工作。我們要拓展我們的事業(yè)，把握前沿的微創(chuàng)熱點(diǎn)，同時(shí)還需要學(xué)習(xí)關(guān)于人工智能這方面的知識(shí)，可能在不久的將來(lái)，這會(huì)成為我們治療手段中必不可少的一部分。

對(duì)于醫(yī)學(xué)來(lái)說(shuō)，最重要的是不能脫離本心。本心是解決人的問(wèn)題、人文關(guān)懷，這是非常重要的。我們醫(yī)生最主要的是通過(guò)各種各樣的手段幫患者解決問(wèn)題。然而手段再好技術(shù)再先進(jìn)，但是沒(méi)有很好地解決患者的問(wèn)題，也不是最好的選擇。

傳統(tǒng)上，醫(yī)生和患者之間的關(guān)系，大致上是醫(yī)生處于主導(dǎo)地位，患者大多都是聽(tīng)從醫(yī)生的建議，而且按照醫(yī)生的方案來(lái)執(zhí)行。我想隨著知識(shí)普及，很多患者都可以從各種渠道了解到脊柱外科在診療方面的技能、方法和優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。

同時(shí)醫(yī)生各個(gè)方面的技能都具備了，可能在醫(yī)生和患者之間，過(guò)去這種醫(yī)生主導(dǎo)的模式，可能會(huì)變成醫(yī)生和患者商討的模式。就是說(shuō)醫(yī)生和患者坐下來(lái)，我們用什么最合適患者的方式來(lái)解決患者的問(wèn)題，不同的患者雖然是同樣的診斷，但是可能需要不同的治療方法，而且和患者身體情況、地域條件，還有傳統(tǒng)的文化來(lái)選擇治療方案。

所以我們?cè)谟梦?chuàng)、精準(zhǔn)的理念、技術(shù)來(lái)武裝自己，同時(shí)更堅(jiān)持不懈地用人文關(guān)懷的理念，本著一切以患者的利益最大化，用最適合患者的方法來(lái)解決問(wèn)題，讓人文關(guān)懷一直貫穿我們的始終。

From around 2000 to the present, surgery has developed very rapidly over the years, both nationally and internationally. In the coming period, the Minimal Invasive and Precise Spinal Surgery should be a major direction. In the future, techniques such as Microscopic Decompression, Microscopic Fusion and Microscopic Correction may be the focus of Spine surgeons, and a must for doctors.

With the popularity of AI, we may introduce some high-tech means like the human brain chip, AI technology to the treatment soon, which enables our operations and treatments more individualized, precise and minimally invasive. Thus I think that we may encounter more and more technologies, in particular, Spine Surgery is a typically technology-dependent and technology-driven specialty. We need new technologies, new methods to support our development and implement works. To expand our cause and grasp the cutting-edge hot-spot of MIS, we should learn about AI, because it may be an indispensable part of our treatment methods in the near future.

For working in a medical career, the most important thing is that you can’t forget your original aspiration. Our aspiration is to resolve patients’ problems and provide humanistic care, which is very important for us. As a doctor, we mainly resolve patients’ problems through different means. Even though we have the best methods, the most advanced techniques, we couldn’t resolve patients’ problems well without original aspiration.

Traditionally, the doctor is dominant in the relationship between doctor and patient, and the patient listens to the doctor’s advice and implements doctor’s plan. I think that with the spread of knowledge, many patients can know about the techniques, methods, pros and cons of the surgical treatments from different channels.

As doctors are equipped with techniques in all aspects, the previous model of doctors in a dominant position may switch to the model of doctors discussing with patients. It means that the doctor and patient have face-to-face talks, and they decide the most appropriate method to resolve patient’s problems. Different patients may have the same diagnosis, but they may have different treatment methods, what’s more, the physical condition of patients, the regional condition and traditional culture should be considered as well in choosing treatment.

While we are arming ourselves with concepts and techniques of minimal invasion and precision, we should also adhere to the idea of humanistic care. In the spirit of optimizing the interests of the patient and using the most appropriate method to solve the problem, we should make humanistic care always throughout our practice.